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| | {{Project | | {{Project |
| − | | title=LURCH_-_The_autonomous_wheelchair
| + | |title=LURCH - the autonomous wheelchair |
| − | | tutor=AndreaBonarini;MatteoMatteucci;SimoneCeriani;DavideMigliore
| + | |image=LURCH wheelchair.jpg |
| − | | students=MatteoRossi;MauroBrenna;
| + | |short_descr=Augmenting commercial electric wheelchairs with autonomous navigation, obstacle avoidance, and multi-modal interfaces |
| − | | resarea=Robotics;Computer Vision and Image Analysis
| + | |coordinator=MatteoMatteucci |
| − | | restopic=
| + | |tutor=SimoneCeriani; |
| − | | start=
| + | |collaborator=GiulioFontana;AndreaBonarini |
| − | | end=
| + | |students=DiegoConsolaro;LucaCalabrese |
| − | | level=
| + | |resarea=Robotics |
| − | | type=
| + | |restopic=Robot development |
| − | | status=Active
| + | |start=2007/02/01 |
| − | | image=LURCH wheelchair.jpg
| + | |end=2015/12/31 |
| | + | |status=Closed |
| | }} | | }} |
| | + | <!--[[Image:LURCH wheelchair.jpg|thumb|right|300px|LURCH in DEI exploration]]--> |
| | | | |
| | + | __TOC__ |
| | | | |
| − | <!--[[Image:LURCH wheelchair.jpg|thumb|right|300px|LURCH in DEI exploration]]-->
| + | L.U.R.C.H. is the acronym of "Let Unleashed Robots Crawl the House" and beside the intentional reminder to the Addam's family character it is the autonomous wheelchair developed at the AIRLab. Its name for "official" settings is RBWC (RoBy WheelChair). |
| − | | + | |
| − | L.U.R.C.H. is the acronym of "Let Unleashed Robots Crawl the House". | + | |
| | | | |
| | LURCH is an extended version of an commercial electric wheelchair (Rabbit by OttoBock) equipped with: | | LURCH is an extended version of an commercial electric wheelchair (Rabbit by OttoBock) equipped with: |
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| | Main goals of the LURCH project are: | | Main goals of the LURCH project are: |
| | # Add sensors and robotic functionalities to the powered wheelchair. | | # Add sensors and robotic functionalities to the powered wheelchair. |
| − | # Add various command interfaces, such as Joypad wireless, speech command, [[Brain-Computer Interface|brain-computer interface]]. | + | # Add various command interfaces, such as Joypad wireless, speech command, [[HeadsetControlForWheelChair | facial muscle control]], [[Brain-Computer Interface|brain-computer interface]]. |
| | # Semi-autonomous navigation with collision and obstacle avoidance. | | # Semi-autonomous navigation with collision and obstacle avoidance. |
| | # Autonomous navigation by path planning and localization. | | # Autonomous navigation by path planning and localization. |
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| | # Path planning and basic autonomous navigation. | | # Path planning and basic autonomous navigation. |
| | # [[Brain-Computer Interface|Brain-computer interface]] driving system | | # [[Brain-Computer Interface|Brain-computer interface]] driving system |
| | + | |
| | + | '''NOTE: AIRWiki users can find operative information to use the Lurch robot in the Discussion tab associated to this page.''' |
| | | | |
| | ==Media Coverage== | | ==Media Coverage== |
| | Lurch project appeared in many national and international media. You can see the related articles and videos in the [[MediaCoverage]] page. | | Lurch project appeared in many national and international media. You can see the related articles and videos in the [[MediaCoverage]] page. |
| − |
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| − | ==Available Documentation==
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| − |
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| − | - Documentation on the interface circuit between the wheelchair joystick and computer: [[Media:LurchCircuitDocument.pdf]].
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| − |
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| − | - '''WARNING''': the circuit was modified and the documentation above is upgraded by this new file: [[Media:LurchXBee.pdf]].
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| − |
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| − | - How to modify the wheelchair joystick to connect to the interface circuit: [[Media:LurchCircuitJoystick.pdf]].
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| − |
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| − | - Brief discussion about the interface circuit between the wheelchair joystick and computer: [[Media:LurchCircuitJoystickBrief.pdf]].
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| − |
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| − | - Brief description of the LURCH project: [[Media:LurchBriefDesc.pdf]].
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| − |
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| − | - Brief description of the communication between the wheelchair interface circuit and a PC via RS232 port: [[Media:LurchProtocol.pdf]].
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| − |
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| − | - Source code for PIC 18F452 microprocessor and Eagle project (schematic and board): [[Media:LurchCircuitProject.zip]].
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| − | - Battery replacement done on May 2009, description of work: [[Media:LurchBatteryReplacement.pdf]].
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| − |
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| − | - Thesis by Simone Ceriani, titled ''Sviluppo di una carrozzina autonoma d'ausilio ai disabili motori'' (Development of an autonomous wheelchair to help motor-disabled persons): [[Media:LurchThesisCeriani.pdf]] (in Italian)
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| − |
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| − | - Thesis presentation by Simone Ceriani (note: Videos don't work, you can found similar videos below): [[Media:LurchPresentazioneThesisCeriani.zip]]
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| − |
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| − | - Thesis by Marco Dalli, titled ''Sviluppo di un sistema di controllo basato su odometria per una carrozzina robotica'' (Development of a control system based on odometry for a robotic wheelchair): [[Media:LurchThesisDalli.pdf]] (in Italian)
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| − |
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| − | - Thesis presentation by Marco Dalli: [[Media:LurchPresentazioneThesisDalli.zip]]
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| − |
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| − | - Pdf with ArtoolKitPlus Fiducial Markers collection. Dimension are 160x160mm. [[Media:ArtoolKitPlusMarkers-160mm.pdf.zip]]
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| − |
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| − | ==PCBricks Configuration==
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| − | PCBrick-03 and PCBrick-05 feature Xubuntu Linux 7.10, Xfce Window Manager, Openchrome graphics drivers and eGalax touchscreen drivers v1.08.1227 (Drivers [http://210.64.17.162/web20/TouchKitDriver/linuxDriver.htm here]).
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| − | The touchscreen is configured and calibrated on both machines, hence it can be used with either one or the other indifferently.
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| − |
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| − | ==Electronics development==
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| − | We are currently designing a new electronic main board for the wheelchair.
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| − | The idea is to base the whole system on a CANbus, allowing a complete modularization of the on-board electronics.
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| − |
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| − | We are now evaluating the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CANopen CANOpen] standard, that provides high-level communication layers by implementing the ISO/OSI stack on top of the CANbus.
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| − |
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| − | This should ensure automatic error recognition and resolution, device addressing and packet segmentation/desegmentation.
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| − |
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| − | One of the modules that will be connected to the CAN bus is the USB mouse.
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| − | For development and debug purposes, a simple master/slave system has been put together using two [http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en010300 PIC18F4550 microcontrollers]
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| − |
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| − | [[Image:Breadboard_lurchbox.jpg|400px|thumb|center|Master/slave prototype board. The LCD (managed by the master PIC) is showing symbols indicating the successful connection to the USB host and the correct initialization of the serial port.]]
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| − |
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| − | The USB mouse is emulated by a [http://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/Devices.aspx?dDocName=en010300 PIC18F4550] microcontroller; this unit features an on-board USB module that can be controlled by the HID (''Human Interface Device'') Library provided with the [http://www.mikroe.com/en/compilers/mikroc/pro/pic/ mikroC PRO for PIC] compiler.
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| − |
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| − | The [http://www.usb.org/developers/devclass_docs/HID1_11.pdf USB HID Class Definition] states that the device must provide the host a descriptor in which it informs the lattest on which kind of informations it will generate.
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| − |
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| − | The ''Device Descriptor'' identifies which other class descriptors are present, and indicates their size (for example, ''Report'' and ''Physical'' descriptors).
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| − |
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| − | A ''Report Descriptor'' describes each piece of data that the device generates, and what the data is actually measuring;
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| − |
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| − | A ''Physical Descriptor'' (optional) provides information about the part(s) of the human body used to operate the device.
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| − |
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| − | HID devices support a variety of protocols:
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| − |
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| − | * 0 = None
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| − | * 1 = Keyboard
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| − | * 2 = Mouse
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| − | * 3...255 = Reserved
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| − |
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| − | Our descriptor will use protocol 2.
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| − |
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| − | All the descriptors will be automatically handled by the HID Library, but we have to provide a valid mouse Report Descriptor, similar to the following:
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| − |
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| − | * Usage Page: 0x05, 0x01 (Generic Desktop)
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| − | * Usage: 0x09, 0x02 (Mouse)
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| − | ** Collection: 0xA1, 0x01 (Application)
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| − | *** Usage: 0x09, 0x01 (Pointer)
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| − | *** Collection: 0xA1, 0x00 (Physical)
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| − | **** Usage Page: 0x05, 0x09 (Buttons)
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| − | **** Usage Minimum: 0x19, 0x01 (01) ''Button 1''
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| − | **** Usage Maximum: 0x29, 0x03 (03) ''Button 3''
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| − | **** Logical Minimum: 0x15, 0x00 (0) ''Button idle''
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| − | **** Logical Maximum: 0x25, 0x01 (1) ''Button pressed''
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| − | **** Report Count: 0x95, 0x03 (3) ''3 buttons available''
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| − | **** Report Size: 0x75, 0x01 (1) ''One bit per button''
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| − | **** Input: 0x81, 0x02 (Data, Variable, Absolute) ''Variables''
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| − | **** Report Count: 0x95, 0x01 (1) ''Padding''
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| − | **** Report Size: 0x75, 0x05 (5) ''5 bits''
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| − | **** Input: 0x81, 0x03 (Constant) ''Constant padding''
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| − | **** Usage Page: 0x05, 0x01 (Generic Desktop)
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| − | **** Usage: 0x09, 0x30 (X)
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| − | **** Usage: 0x09, 0x31 (Y)
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| − | **** Logical Minimum: 0x15, 0x81 (-127)
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| − | **** Logical Maximum: 0x25, 0x7F (127)
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| − | **** Report Size: 0x75, 0x08 (8)
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| − | **** Report Count: 0x95, 0x02 (2)
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| − | **** Input: 0x81, 0x06 (Data, Variable, Relative)
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| − | *** End Collection: 0xC0
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| − | ** End Collection: 0xC0
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| − |
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| − | Analyzing this table one can see how a Report Descriptor is organized: it is formed by multiple items, each providing its own data size, count and type, along with the range of values that it will generate.
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| − | The standard mouse descriptor declares:
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| − | * Three ''button'' items, that take only one bit each and can assume only logic levels (0 or 1); this is obtained by setting ''Report Count'' to 3, ''Report Size'' to 1 and choosing 0 and 1 as ''Logical Minimum'' and ''Maximum''.
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| − | * One 5-bit padding to be added to obtain a byte (HID descriptors only accept complete bytes); a 5-bit constant value (''Input'' set to 0x06).
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| − | * Two ''axes'' items (''X'' and ''Y'') that take a whole byte each and whose values can range from -127 to 127; ''Report Count'' is set to 2, ''Report Size'' to 8 (bits) and the range is set by ''Logical Minimum'' and ''Maximum''.
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| − |
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| − | An appropriate descriptor was generated using the [http://www.usb.org/developers/hidpage HID Descriptor Tool] provided by the USB organization. The output of this tool was then copied into the source file we obtained from the ''HID Terminal'' provided with the compiler.
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| − | The result is the ''USBDsc.c'' file that we included in our project and can be downloaded here: [[Media:USBDsc.zip]].
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| − |
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| − | The HID Library is a very convenient way to handle USB communication in PIC microcontrollers; it only consists in five methods:
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| − | * '''Hid_Enable()''' activates the USB module and enables the USB interrupt;
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| − | * '''Hid_Disable()''' deactivates the USB module and interrupt;
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| − | * '''Hid_Read()''' populates the input buffer with data coming from the USB host;
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| − | * '''Hid_Write()''' sends data from the output buffer to the USB host;
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| − | * '''Hid_InterruptProc()''' must be called from the interrupt handling routine and automatically processes USB interrupts.
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| − |
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| − | The programmer only has to create a Report Descriptor for his device and produce/consume data to be sent/read from the bus.
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| − | The mikroC IDE also features an ''HID Terminal'' (similar to MS Windows HyperTerminal) that can be used to easily debug the code by sending and receiving data to/from a given HID device.
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| − |
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| − | Our firmware repeatedly polls the status of the buttons and sends appropriate data to the host in order to move the cursor and operates the two buttons.
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| − |
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| − | A simple circuit has been designed to test the mouse firmware:
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| − |
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| − | [[Image:Mouse_board_lurchbox.png|400px|thumb|center|Circuit for the USB mouse emulation firmware.]]
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| − |
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| − | All the components have been placed on a small piece of perfboard to test the circuit on different computers and operating systems:
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| − |
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| − | [[Image:Mouse_lurchbox.png|400px|thumb|center|Prototype board for the USB mouse emulation firmware.]]
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| − |
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| − | The mouse emulator was instantly recognized by all the operative systems we tested it on:
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| − | * Microsoft Windows XP SP2
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| − | * Microsoft Windows Vista
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| − | * Ubuntu Linux 9.04
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| − | * Mac OS X 10.5.8
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| − |
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| − | [[Image:Mouse_on_xp.png|400px|thumb|center|The USB mouse emulator recognized by Windows XP.]]
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| − |
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| − | [[Image:Mouse_on_linux.PNG|400px|thumb|center|The USB mouse emulator recognized by Ubuntu Linux.]]
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| − |
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| − | [[Image:Mouse_on_osx.PNG|400px|thumb|center|The USB mouse emulator recognized by Max OS X.]]
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| − |
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| − | [[Image:Mouse_on_parallels.PNG|400px|thumb|center|The USB mouse emulator managed by Parallels Desktop on Mac OS X while virtualizing Windows XP.]]
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| − |
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| − | By now, the movements of the mouse pointer are controlled by simple buttons, and the values of the X,Y axes can only be [-20; 0; 20]; in the final release, the joystick will drive the pointer with proportional values, allowing more intuitive and precise control.
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| | | | |
| | ==LURCH YouTube Videos== | | ==LURCH YouTube Videos== |
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| | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlhePZbRxZA External link] | | *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zlhePZbRxZA External link] |
| | | | |
| − | ==Software Installation [TODO: complete]== | + | = Restyling = |
| − | This guide is tested on Ubuntu 8.10, 9.04 and Xubuntu 8.10. GCC version in 4.3.
| + | Lurch has been restyled in June 2010, see [[LURCH_Restyling|here]] the upgrades... |
| − | | + | |
| − | * Install the following packages:
| + | |
| − | ** qt3-dev-tools
| + | |
| − | ** qt4-dev-tools
| + | |
| − | ** build-essential
| + | |
| − | ** flex
| + | |
| − | ** bison
| + | |
| − | ** libjsw-dev
| + | |
| − | ** libboost-dev
| + | |
| − | ** libdc1394-13-dev
| + | |
| − | ** libgsl0-dev
| + | |
| − | ** libgtk2.0-dev
| + | |
| − | ** libncurses5-dev
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | If you want you can cut and paste this command line:
| + | |
| − | sudo apt-get install ...
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | * Download this file: [TODO], which contains ARToolKitPlus Libraries
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| − | | + | |
| − | ** unpack it in /opt folder
| + | |
| − | ** go into /opt/ARToolKitPlus_2.1.1
| + | |
| − | ** export ARTKP=/opt/ARToolKitPlus_2.1.1
| + | |
| − | ** qmake
| + | |
| − | ** make
| + | |
| − | ** sudo make install
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | * download lurch-control.tar.gz
| + | |
| − | ** extract it in your home folder
| + | |
| − | ** make cleanall
| + | |
| − | ** make ROBOT=wheelchair MODULE=misc
| + | |
| − | ** make ROBOT=wheelchair
| + | |
| − | ** cd wheelchair
| + | |
| − | ** ln -s ../logExtract.sh ./
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| − | ** ln -s ../run.sh ./
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | * download lurch-wheelchair-standalone.tar.gz
| + | |
| − | ** extract it in your home folder
| + | |
| − | ** go into lurch-wheelchair-standalone/config
| + | |
| − | ** edit config.ini
| + | |
| − | *** replace line with hostname=airlab-blackbox with hostname=<yourhostname>
| + | |
| − | ** edit agent.ini
| + | |
| − | *** find and replace all "airlab-blackbox" with <yourhostname>
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | * download the server for simulation (you need sun-java6-jdk installed and Eclipse is suggested)
| + | |
| − | ... | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | * from lurch-wheelchair-standalone
| + | |
| − | ** sudo ./run.sh
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | =People Involved=
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | [[User:AndreaBonarini|Andrea Bonarini]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | [[User:MatteoMatteucci|Matteo Matteucci]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | [[User:DavideMigliore|Davide Migliore]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | [[User:GiulioFontana|Giulio Fontana]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | [[User:BernardoDalSeno|Bernardo Dal Seno]]
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | [[User:MarcoDalli|Marco Dalli]] (ex-Tesista)
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | [[User:SimoneCeriani|Simone Ceriani]] (Assegnista di ricerca)
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | [[User:MatteoRossi|Matteo Rossi]] (Tesista)
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | [[User:MarcoAssini|Marco Assini]] (Tesista) | + | == New Board for Joystick Hack! == |
| | + | [[user:DiegoConsolaro|Diego Consolaro]] during his thesis time has written [[Media:LurchMontaggioSchede.pdf | a paper]] (in Italian) to assembly the new modular board that he has developed. |
| | + | |
| | + | Also during the thesis,many kind of joystick of commercial wheelchair were analyzed; the results of this analysis are summarized in his [[Media:LurchThesisConsolaro.zip |thesis]] (in Italian). |
| | | | |
| − | [[User:MauroBrenna|Mauro Brenna]] (Tesista) | + | In the [[Media:ManualeUtente.pdf|user manual]] (in Italian) is written the commands for the normal use of the board system. |
| | | | |
| − | === Laboratory work and risk analysis ===
| + | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
| | + | Laboratory work and risk analysis |
| | | | |
| | Laboratory work for this project is mainly performed at AIRLab/Lambrate. It includes some mechanical work and electrical and electronic activity. Potentially risky activities are the following: | | Laboratory work for this project is mainly performed at AIRLab/Lambrate. It includes some mechanical work and electrical and electronic activity. Potentially risky activities are the following: |
L.U.R.C.H. is the acronym of "Let Unleashed Robots Crawl the House" and beside the intentional reminder to the Addam's family character it is the autonomous wheelchair developed at the AIRLab. Its name for "official" settings is RBWC (RoBy WheelChair).
LURCH is an extended version of an commercial electric wheelchair (Rabbit by OttoBock) equipped with:
Lurch project appeared in many national and international media. You can see the related articles and videos in the MediaCoverage page.
Also during the thesis,many kind of joystick of commercial wheelchair were analyzed; the results of this analysis are summarized in his thesis (in Italian).
Laboratory work for this project is mainly performed at AIRLab/Lambrate. It includes some mechanical work and electrical and electronic activity. Potentially risky activities are the following:
